List of different types of memory by Marinus Jan Marijs
Definition: An active system that receives information from the senses, puts that information into a usable form, organises it, as it stores it away, then receives the information from storage
Encoding: put into memory
A set of mental operations that people perform on sensory information to convert that information into a form that is usable in the memory storage system.
Storage: hold into memory
The process of holding on to information for a period of time, the length of the period of time will vary depending on the system of memory being used.
Retrieval: recovery from memory
The process of getting the information that we know we have out of the storage.
Processing according to meaning
Each memory type has a unique storage and temporal capacity.
The different types of memory:
1. Sensory Iconic (visual), Memory for what you see is vivid, but lasts typically for half a second
2. Eidetic ability to a access a visual sensory memory over a long period of time
3.Sensory echoic (audial), Memory of what you hear usually lasts for 3 – 4 seconds
4. Sensory haptic (touch
5. Sensory (smell)
6. Sensory hepatic (Other senses). Our memory stores everything from emotion to pain,
to pressure, to spatial information.
7. Working memory is the way we process the sensory information we are actively thinking
about. Working memory islimited to holding between five and seven items in the mind at a
time for up to about 30 seconds each.
8. Short term The memory system in which information is held for a brief period of time while
being used.
9. Explicitlong-term memory is our conscious memory.
10. Declarative memory, memory of facts and personal experiences
11. Semantic memory What Actually happened. Facts, events, and things that we explicitly
or purposefully store.
12. Episodic memory Our impression of what happened. Emotions, context, and associations.
13. Autobiographical memory is a memory system consisting of episodes recollected from
an individual’s life, based on a combination of episodic (personal experiences and specific
objects, people and events experienced at particular time and place) and semantic
(general knowledge and facts about the world) memory. It is thus a type of explicit memory.
14. Implicit memory, which is an unconscious memory.
15. Procedural memory, memory for motor skills learned through practice, to carry out
commonly learned tasks without thinking about them (like riding a bike).
16. Skills and habits
17. Priming (being informed by experiences). An implicit memory effect in which exposure
to one stimulus influences the response to another stimulus.
18. Perceptual memory: Serves to identify objects and structure of language.
19. Intermediate-term memory
20. Classical conditioning Conditioning memory: Emotional and reflex based “conditioned”
memory. Also called behavioural conditioning.
21. Habituation, Sensitisation memory Related to conditioning, a type of non-associative
memory that allows us to filter out non-useful stimuli without thinking about it.
22. Long-term memory system of memory into which all of the information is placed to be kept
permanently
click on diagram to view larger image
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- Archetypical memories (Jungian)
- Archetypical memories (Platonic)
- Retro-causal memory.
- Memories of previous lives (Ian Stephenson’s research)
- Kosmic memory (Akasha)
- Archetypical memories (Jungian)
click on diagram to view larger image
Non-mental memories:
28 D.N.A. code, genetic memory
29 Immune system
30 Cellular memory
31 Reflexes, simple responses of an organism to a specific stimulus
For more information about reflexes click here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_reflexes
32 Instincts, inborn complex patterns of behavior
33 Language ability
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